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Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting
GS-1524/GS-1548 User’s Guide
151
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet
masks.
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can
have on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number
of remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a
24-bit subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast
address for that network (192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number
of possible hosts in a network as follows:
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing
a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask
255.255.255.128.
The following table shows some possible subnet masks using both notations.
Table 74 Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET
2ND
OCTET
3RD
OCTET
4TH OCTET
8-bit mask 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0
16-bit mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0
24-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255.255.255.0
29-bit mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000 255.255.255.248
Table 75 Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK HOST ID SIZE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
8 bits 255.0.0.0 24 bits 2
24
– 2 16777214
16 bits 255.255.0.0 16 bits 2
16
– 2 65534
24 bits 255.255.255.0 8 bits 2
8
– 2 254
29 bits 255.255.255.248 3 bits 2
3
– 2 6
Table 76 Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK
ALTERNATIVE
NOTATION
LAST OCTET
(BINARY)
LAST OCTET
(DECIMAL)
255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000 0
255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000 128
- GS-1524 / GS-1548 1
- About This User's Guide 3
- Document Conventions 4
- Icons Used in Figures 5
- Safety Warnings 6
- Safety Warnings 7
- Contents Overview 10
- GS-1524/GS-1548 User’s Guide 10
- Table of Contents 11
- List of Figures 17
- List of Tables 21
- List of Tables 23
- Introduction and 25
- Hardware Overview 25
- CHAPTER 1 27
- 1.1.2 Bridging Example 28
- CHAPTER 2 31
- CHAPTER 3 35
- 3.1.1 Ethernet Ports 36
- 3.1.2 Mini-GBIC Slots 36
- 3.2 LEDs 38
- 3.3 Rear Panel 38
- 3.4 The RESET Button 39
- Chapter 3 Hardware Overview 40
- Basic & Advanced 41
- Settings 41
- CHAPTER 4 43
- 4.3 The Status Screen 44
- 4.3.1 The LED Panel 45
- 4.3.2 The Navigation Panel 45
- 4.5 Switch Lockout 47
- 4.6 Resetting the Switch 47
- 4.8 Help 48
- CHAPTER 5 49
- 5.1.1 Configure IP Address 50
- 5.1.3 Backup Settings 51
- 5.1.4 Restore Settings 51
- 5.3 Firmware Upgrade 52
- Chapter 5 System 53
- Chapter 5 System 54
- CHAPTER 6 55
- 6.2 Port Configuration 56
- CHAPTER 7 57
- 7.3 Port Statistics 58
- CHAPTER 8 61
- 8.2 Static VLAN 62
- Chapter 8 VLAN 63
- Table 13 VLAN: Create VLAN 63
- Figure 35 VLAN: Edit VLAN 64
- Table 14 VLAN: Edit VLAN 64
- Chapter 8 VLAN 64
- CHAPTER 9 65
- Chapter 9 Trunking 66
- Figure 36 Trunk Setting 66
- CHAPTER 10 67
- Chapter 10 Mirroring 68
- CHAPTER 11 69
- 11.2 QoS Enhancement 70
- 11.3 Configuring QoS 70
- Robin is selected 71
- 11.4 Advanced QoS Settings 72
- 11.4.2 DSCP Based QoS 74
- 11.4.4 DSCP Based QoS Screen 74
- 11.4.5 ToS Based QoS 75
- 11.4.6 IP Address Based QoS 76
- Chapter 11 QoS 78
- CHAPTER 12 79
- 12.1.1 Rate Limit Screen 80
- CHAPTER 13 83
- CHAPTER 14 87
- Chapter 14 Cable Diagnostics 88
- CHAPTER 15 89
- CHAPTER 16 93
- Chapter 16 Auto VoIP 94
- PART III 95
- CHAPTER 17 97
- 17.3 Logging: Add Server 98
- Flash screen 99
- Chapter 17 Event Logging 100
- Chapter 17 Event Logging 101
- 17.5.1 Search Results 102
- CHAPTER 18 105
- 18.1.1 Supported MIBs 106
- 18.1.2 SNMP Traps 106
- 18.2 SNMP Group 107
- 18.2.1 SNMP Group: Create 108
- 18.2.2 SNMP Group: Modify 109
- 18.3 SNMP User 110
- 18.3.2 SNMP User: Modify 111
- 18.4 SNMP Community 112
- Chapter 18 SNMP 113
- 18.5 SNMP Notification 114
- 18.6 SNMP Trap Station 115
- Chapter 18 SNMP 116
- Table 51 SNMP Trap Station 116
- CHAPTER 19 119
- Chapter 19 RMON-Lite 120
- Chapter 19 RMON-Lite 121
- 19.4 RMON-Lite History MIB 122
- 19.5 RMON Alarm: Overview 127
- 19.6 RMON Event: Overview 129
- Alarm screens 131
- CHAPTER 20 135
- ARP table entries 136
- Chapter 20 Dynamic ARP 137
- Table 67 ARP Table 137
- Chapter 20 Dynamic ARP 138
- Table 68 ARP Table 138
- CHAPTER 21 139
- Chapter 21 Troubleshooting 140
- Chapter 21 Troubleshooting 141
- CHAPTER 22 143
- Table 72 Firmware Features 145
- Appendices and 147
- APPENDIX A 149
- Subnet Masks 150
- Notation 151
- Subnetting 152
- Example: Four Subnets 153
- Example: Eight Subnets 154
- Subnet Planning 155
- Configuring IP Addresses 156
- APPENDIX B 157
- ZyXEL Limited Warranty 158
- Appendix B Legal Information 159
- Appendix B Legal Information 160
- APPENDIX C 161
- Appendix C Customer Support 162
- Appendix C Customer Support 163
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