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P-2302R Series User’s Guide

357 Appendix D IP Subnetting

Since the first octet of a class “A” IP address must contain a “0”, the first octet of a class “A”

address can have a value of 0 to 127.

Similarly the first octet of a class “B” must begin with “10”, therefore the first octet of a class

“B” address has a valid range of 128 to 191. The first octet of a class “C” address begins with

“110”, and therefore has a range of 192 to 223.

Subnet Masks

A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits

are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). A subnet mask has 32 is a “1” then

the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet

mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.

Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just as IP addresses are. The “natural”

masks for class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.

Subnetting

With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C

address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With

subnetting, some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits. By convention,

subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit

of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.

Table 143 Allowed IP Address Range By Class

CLASS

ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET

(BINARY)

ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET

(DECIMAL)

Class A 00000000 to 01111111 0 to 127

Class B 10000000 to 10111111 128 to 191

Class C 11000000 to 11011111 192 to 223

Class D 11100000 to 11101111 224 to 239

Table 144 “Natural” Masks

CLASS NATURAL MASK

A 255.0.0.0

B 255.255.0.0

C 255.255.255.0

1 2 ... 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 ... 383 384

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